did catherine de medici have a daughter named clarissa did catherine de medici have a daughter named clarissa

The Duke of Guise launched an attack into the woods around the chteau. After Franciss death, Catherine wrote to her daughter, Ma fille (my daughter) mamie (my friend), commend yourself to God, for you have seen me as happy as you are now, never knowing any sorrow but that I was not loved as much as I wished to be by the King your father, who honoured me more than I deserved, but I loved him so much that I was always in fear, as you know; and God has taken him from me and, not content with that, has deprived me of your brother.. Catherine de' Medici (Italian: Caterina de' Medici, pronounced[katerina de mditi]; French: Catherine de Mdicis, pronounced[katin d medisis]; 13 April 1519 5 January 1589) was a Florentine noblewoman born into the Medici family. The Huguenots retreated to the fortified stronghold of La Rochelle on the west coast, where Jeanne d'Albret and her fifteen-year-old son, Henry of Bourbon, joined them. Historians regard the occasion as an early example of Catherine's statesmanship. [8] King Francis wanted Catherine to be raised at the French court, but Pope Leo refused, claiming he wanted her to marry Ippolito de' Medici. Rumours of Henry's inability to produce children were by that time in wide circulation. On 5 January 1589, Catherine died at the age of sixty-nine, probably from pleurisy. The Guise brothers set about persecuting the Protestants with zeal. [19] Clement visited the newlyweds in bed the next morning and added his blessings to the night's proceedings. The Queen of France had faced many challenges all her life to have revolutionized what France is today. Henry was carried to the Chteau de Tournelles, where five splinters of wood were extracted from his head, one of which had pierced his eye and brain. Clarissa Delacroix was born in 1539, the illegitimate daughter of Queen Catherine de Medici of France and King Henry II of Frances boyhood friend Richard Delacroix. Henry III's assassination ended nearly three centuries of Valois rule and brought the Bourbon dynasty into power. [58] On 19 March 1563, the Edict of Amboise, also known as the Edict of Pacification, ended the war. He defeated the dukes of Guise and Nemours, but the young Gabriel, comte de Montgomery, knocked him half out of the saddle. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); To celebrate the 500th birthday of the formidable Catherine de Medici, we will be posting seven articles over the next seven days about her. [121] In the last two decades of her life, only two painters stand out as recognisable personalities: Jean Cousin the Younger (c.1522 c.1594), few of whose works survive, and Antoine Caron (c.1521 1599), who became Catherine's official painter after working at Fontainebleau under Primaticcio. They were usually dedicated to the ideal of peace in the realm and based on mythological themes. [76] Coligny was carried to his lodgings at the Htel de Bthisy, where the surgeon Ambroise Par removed a bullet from his elbow and amputated a damaged finger with a pair of scissors. "[126] After Henry II's death, Catherine set out to immortalise her husband's memory and to enhance the grandeur of the Valois monarchy through a series of costly building projects. [52] On 1 March 1562, however, in an incident known as the Massacre of Vassy, the Duke of Guise and his men attacked worshipping Huguenots in a barn at Vassy (Wassy), killing 74 and wounding 104. [98] As Catherine put it, "peace is carried on a stick" (bton porte paix). At the time, Henry was besieging Paris with the King of Navarre, who would succeed him as Henry IV of France. Listed works of art included tapestries, hand-drawn maps, sculptures, rich fabrics, ebony furniture inlaid with ivory, sets of china, and Limoges pottery. She gave birth to ten children, of whom four sons and three daughters survived to marriageable age. [32] Catherine brought her up with her own children at the French court, while Mary of Guise governed Scotland as her daughter's regent.[33]. The regency was traditionally the preserve of the princes of the blood. Despite her considerable power, Leeza is the least favorite of Catherine's children, and underneath her tough facade is a legitimate desire for her mother's affections. Henry hired Swiss troops to help him defend himself in Paris. "[95], Many leading Roman Catholics were appalled by Catherine's attempts to appease the Huguenots. Catherine could not hold back her sobs. Because Paris was held by enemies of the crown, Catherine had to be buried provisionally at Blois. [51] In January 1562, Catherine issued the tolerant Edict of Saint-Germain in a further attempt to build bridges with the Protestants. Catherine's marriage was arranged by her uncle Pope Clement VII. In fact, a large population of Italiansbankers, silk-weavers, philosophers, musicians, and artists, including Leonardo da Vincihad emigrated to France to promote the burgeoning Renaissance. [136][137] They point out that Catherine's father-in-law, King Francis I, and the flower of the French aristocracy had dined at some of Italy's most lite tables during the king's Italian campaigns (and that an earlier generation had done so during King Charles VIII's invasion of 1494); that a vast Italian entourage had visited France for the wedding of Catherine de' Medici's father to her French-born mother; and that she had little influence at court until her husband's death because he was so besotted by his mistress, Diane de Poitiers. Antonella Campanini, "The Illusive Story Of Catherine de' Medici: A Gastronomic Myth". [18] When Francis I of France proposed his second son, Henry, Duke of Orlans, in early 1533, Clement jumped at the offer. Catherine then spent an hour trying to make Margaret presentable again. Catherine de' Medici's parents die when she was a baby; however, it was from separate sicknesses. Artistic, energetic, and extraverted, as well as discreet, courageous, and gay, Catherine was greatly esteemed at the dazzling court of Francis I, from which she derived both her political attitudes and her passion for building. Today marks the 500th anniversary of the day Catherine de' Medici (15191589) came into this world. He called her not only the mother of the king but the mother of the state. This probably cooled the relationship between Margaret and her mother considerably. She was born at the royal Chteau de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, where she spent her childhood alongside her sisters, the princesses Elisabeth and Claude. Elizabeth I was treated with similar suspicionshe too entertained questionable characters (such as her advisor, John Dee), and produced no official heir. [128], Catherine had emblems of her love and grief carved into the stonework of her buildings. "[106] As usual, Catherine advised the king, who had fled the city in the nick of time, to compromise and live to fight another day. Key Accomplishments: A powerful force during the reigns of three successive kings, Catherine played a major role in 16th-century politics. Clarissa Delacroix was born in 1539, the illegitimate daughter of Queen Catherine de Medici of France and King Henry II of France's boyhood friend Richard Delacroix. She took to her bed with a fever. Others point to the Guise family or a Spanish-papal plot to end Coligny's influence on the king. Catherine's daughter, Marguerite, was understandably not thrilled with a scheme that involved her mother seducing her husband by proxy. After Alfonsina's death in 1520, Catherine joined her cousins and was raised by her aunt, Clarice de' Medici. On 17 August 1563, Charles IX was declared of age at the Parlement of Rouen, but he was never able to rule on his own and showed little interest in government. Died in infancy. "[72] When Jeanne did come to court, Catherine pressured her hard,[73] playing on Jeanne's hopes for her beloved son. He cared for her and also arranged her union to Henry, Duke of Orlans, the second son of King Francis I of France, in early 1533. He sent the Duke of Alba to tell Catherine to scrap the Edict of Amboise and to find punitive solutions to the problem of heresy. Catherine, in bed with a lung infection, had been kept in the dark. Catherines daughters Elisabeth and Claude bore children who lived into adulthood, including King Charles IX of France, Prince Louis, and Prince Henri of France. Catherine visited the deathbed of Antoine de Bourbon, King of Navarre, after he was fatally wounded by an arquebus shot. From the notorious to the half-forgotten, Queens of Infamy, a Longreads series by Anne Thriault, focuses on badass world-historical women of centuries past. Catherine did not hesitate to exploit her new authority. Nevertheless, popular culture frequently attributes Italian culinary influence and forks in France to Catherine. The complexity of Catherines position during these years cannot be briefly explained. 500: Catherine de Medici The Mother of three Kings, 500: Catherine de Medici Patron of the arts and follower of the occult. Hoogvliet, 111. Many historians have blamed Catherine for the attack on Coligny. Catherine, who was said to have received the news without emotion, made a tearful visit to Coligny and promised to punish his attacker. This plan also had the added advantage of removing the Huguenots from France, but it failed to interest the Ottomans.[61]. Some sources claim that Victoire was the one who was stillborn. The year was 1519. Corrections? [] In short, she was a true daughter of France, having good mind and ability, which she proved by seconding wisely and ably her husband, M. de Lorraine, in the government of his seigneuries and principalities.1. Writing that she wanted to see Jeanne's children, she promised not to harm them. He dispensed with her advice only in the last months of her life but outlived her by just seven months. Catherine adopted a moderate stance and spoke against the Guise persecutions, though she had no particular sympathy for the Huguenots, whose beliefs she never shared. Was she not compelled to play strange parts to deceive first one and then the other, in order to guard, as she did, her sons, who successively reigned through the wise conduct of that shrewd woman? [39] For the moment, Catherine worked with the Guises out of necessity. Charles had been largely brought up at the French Court and Claude probably knew him well. The years during which her sons reigned have been called "the age of Catherine de' Medici" since she had extensive, if at times varying, influence in the political life of France.[1]. WebElisabeth is Catherine's "plain Jane" daughter. Henry arrived in the bedroom with King Francis, who is said to have stayed until the marriage was consummated. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Catherine-de-Medici, World History Encyclopedia - Catherine de' Medici, History Learning Site - Biography of Catherine de Medici, Lorenzo di Piero de Medici, duca di Urbino. [122], Many of Caron's paintings, such as those of the Triumphs of the Seasons, are of allegorical subjects that echo the festivities for which Catherine's court was famous. On 11 April 1572, Margaret was betrothed to Henry of Navarre, the future King of Navarre and also in line for the French throne after Margarets brothers. The birth nearly cost Catherine her life. [9] Leo made Catherine Duchess of Urbino but annexed most of the Duchy of Urbino to the Papal States, permitting Florence to keep only the Fortress of San Leo. Updates? Labouvie suggested that women's power was believed to be the ability to create and sustain life, whilst witches were believed to have the opposite power; that of attacking health, life and fertility. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. In 1793, a revolutionary mob tossed her bones into a mass grave with those of the other kings and queens.[114]. [86], In 1576, in a move that endangered Henry's throne, Francis allied with the Protestant princes against the crown. Within a month Louis de Bourbon, Prince of Cond, and Admiral Gaspard de Coligny had raised an army of 1,800. "If Monsieur de Guise had perished sooner", she told the Venetian ambassador, "peace would have been achieved more quickly". [134] The end of the Valois dynasty so soon after her death brought a change in priorities. Catherine believing her daughter had died in the forest, while Clarissa never knew who her birth parents were. Their sister Mary of Guise had married James V of Scotland in 1538 and was the mother of Mary, Queen of Scots. Victoire was born safely but Joan did not want to come and Catherine began to weaken quickly. Seeing as they didn't know the other existed for the first 18 - to 20 years of their lives. [124] Owing to its synthesis of dance, music, verse, and setting, the production of the Ballet Comique de la Reine in 1581 is regarded by scholars as the first authentic ballet. "[94] She was under no illusions, however. For the next two years Catherines policy was one of peace and general reconciliation. The treaty became known as the Peace of Monsieur because it was thought that Francis had forced it on the crown. Catherine de Medici was the queen consort of Henry II of France (154759) and regent of France. [34] Their proxy wedding, in Paris on 22 June 1559, was celebrated with festivities, balls, masques, and five days of jousting. Catherine wrote to Henry of Charles IX's death: "I am grief-stricken to have witnessed such a scene and the love which he showed me at the end My only consolation is to see you here soon, as your kingdom requires, and in good health, for if I were to lose you, I would have myself buried alive with you. She was born with her father's birthmark on Frieda 2003, p. 48 (NY edition): "J'ai reu la fille toute nue." Knecht 1998, p. 28, gives the English translation ""The girl has been given to me stark naked." Your email address will not be published. "[112] She left in tears. [45] Neither saw the need to punish Protestants who worshipped in private and did not take up arms. His interest in the tasks of government, however, proved fitful. [35] Henry reeled out of the clash, his face pouring blood, with splinters "of a good bigness" sticking out of his eye and head. She was not primarily responsible for the more far-reaching Treaty of Saint-Germain (August 1570), but she succeeded in disgracing the Guises. On her visit to Rome, the Venetian envoy described Catherine as "small of stature, and thin, and without delicate features, but having the protruding eyes peculiar to the Medici family". "As the daughter of the Medici," suggests French art historian Jean-Pierre Babelon, "she was driven by a passion to build and a desire to leave great achievements behind her when she died. Clarice Orsini (c. 1453 29 July 1487) was the daughter of Jacopo (Giacomo) Orsini (see Orsini family), lord of Monterotondo and Bracciano, and his wife and cousin Maddalena Orsini. In 1561, with the support of the distinguished chancellor Michel de LHospital, she began by trying to propitiate the leaders of both religious factions, to effect reforms and economies by unassailably traditional methods, and to settle the religious conflict. By 1610, the school patronised by the late Valois court and brought to its pinnacle by Franois Clouet had all but died out. A distinctive new art form, the ballet de cour, emerged from these creative advances. Thus began her lifelong struggleexplicit in her correspondencewith these extremists who, supported by Spain and the papacy, sought to dominate the crown and extinguish its independence in the commingled interests of European Catholicism and personal aggrandizement. [93] On her return to Paris in 1579, she was greeted outside the city by the Parlement and crowds. Kill them all! The League took control of much of northern France to secure French ports for his armada. Catherine had at least taken the precaution of marrying Margaret, her youngest daughter, to Navarre. Greg Bryk, an actor, played him. She retreated to her property at Agen and begged her mother for money. The investigators traced the house and horse to the Guises and claimed to have found evidence that the would-be killer was. [148] Nevertheless, Catherine was never formally accused or prosecuted despite the fact that her reign experienced the greatest number of prosecutions for witchcraft in Italy. [24] According to the court chronicler Brantme, "many people advised the king and the Dauphin to repudiate her, since it was necessary to continue the line of France". She quickly terminated the second (September 1567March 1568) with the Peace of Longjumeau, a renewal of Amboise. [50] Catherine failed because she saw the religious divide only in political terms. He was also a Huguenot while Margaret was a Catholic. [107] The king's actions effectively ended her days of power. [88] Francis died of consumption in June 1584, after a disastrous intervention in the Low Countries during which his army had been massacred. Catherine de' Medici was born Caterina Maria Romula de' Medici[7] on 13 April 1519 in Florence, Republic of Florence, the only child of Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino, and his wife, Madeleine de la Tour d'Auvergne, the countess of Boulogne. On 8 September 1588 at Blois, where the court had assembled for a meeting of the Estates, Henry dismissed all his ministers without warning.