dinosaurs never existed wiki

This video will reveal one of the greatest hoaxes in human history. Somebody actually saw Adam and Eve eating apples. 65 million years ago marks the end of the Cretaceous Period, and is when dinosaurs go extinct. Those, along with multiple trackways, suggest that gregarious behavior was common in many early dinosaur species. Evidence suggests that all dinosaurs were egg-laying, and that nest-building was a trait shared by many dinosaurs, both avian and non-avian. Their main competitors were the pseudosuchians, such as aetosaurs, ornithosuchids and rauisuchians, which were more successful than the dinosaurs. Some of these are also present in silesaurids, which Nesbitt recovered as a sister group to Dinosauria, including a large anterior trochanter, metatarsals II and IV of subequal length, reduced contact between ischium and pubis, the presence of a cnemial crest on the tibia and of an ascending process on the astragalus, and many others. [74] Among ornithischians, in 1884 Jacob Wortman found skin impressions on the first known specimen of Edmontosaurus annectens, which were largely destroyed during the specimen's excavation. [180] The earliest remains of a syrinx was found in a specimen of the duck-like Vegavis iaai dated 6966million years ago, and this organ is unlikely to have existed in non-avian dinosaurs. [202] An emerging consensus among researchers is that, while different lineages of dinosaurs would have had different metabolisms, most of them had higher metabolic rates than other reptiles but lower than living birds and mammals,[203] which is termed mesothermy by some. Page 1 of 6: 1. [75] Owen and Hooley subsequently described skin impressions of Hypsilophodon and Iguanodon in 1885 and 1917. One example is a site in Inner Mongolia that has yielded remains of over 20 Sinornithomimus, from one to seven years old. Humans and dinosaurs did not live at the same time; and a small . Such vocalizations evolved independently in extant archosaurs numerous times, following increases in body size. Most of the largest herbivorous specimens on record were discovered in the 1970s or later, and include the massive Argentinosaurus, which may have weighed 80000 to 100000kilograms (90 to 110short tons) and reached lengths of 30 to 40 meters (98 to 131ft); some of the longest were the 33.5-meter (110ft) long Diplodocus hallorum[142] (formerly Seismosaurus), the 33-to-34-meter (108 to 112ft) long Supersaurus,[149] and 37-meter (121ft) long Patagotitan; and the tallest, the 18-meter (59ft) tall Sauroposeidon, which could have reached a sixth-floor window. Rebuttal To Feduccia 2002", 10.1642/0004-8038(2003)120[0550:ACCOTT]2.0.CO;2, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-010X(19990815)285:2<146::AID-JEZ7>3.0.CO;2-A, "Study: Predatory Dinosaurs had Bird-Like Pulmonary System", "Meat-eating dinosaur from Argentina had bird-like breathing system", "A new troodontid dinosaur from China with avian-like sleeping posture", "Avian Paternal Care Had Dinosaur Origin", "A review of gastrolith function with implications for fossil vertebrates and a revised classification", "Mass extinction of birds at the CretaceousPaleogene (KPg) boundary", 20.500.11820/176e5907-26ec-4959-867f-0f2e52335f88, "Mass extinction of lizards and snakes at the CretaceousPaleogene boundary", Bulletin de la Socit Gologique de France, "The shape of Mesozoic dinosaur richness: a reassessment", "Ecological niche modelling does not support climatically-driven dinosaur diversity decline before the Cretaceous/Paleogene mass extinction", "A refined modelling approach to assess the influence of sampling on palaeobiodiversity curves: new support for declining Cretaceous dinosaur richness", "Dinosaurs in decline tens of millions of years before their final extinction", "Extraterrestrial Cause for the Cretaceous-Tertiary Extinction", "Shocked quartz in the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary clays: Evidence for a global distribution", 10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0867:CCAPCT>2.3.CO;2, 10.1130/0091-7613(1996)024<0527:SEOTCC>2.3.CO;2, "The Chicxulub asteroid impact and mass extinction at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary", "Asteroid impact, not volcanism, caused the end-Cretaceous dinosaur extinction", "Survival in the first hours of the Cenozoic", "Global climate change driven by soot at the K-Pg boundary as the cause of the mass extinction", "Organic matter from the Chicxulub crater exacerbated the KPg impact winter", "Determination of rapid Deccan eruptions across the CretaceousTertiary boundary using paleomagnetic secular variation: 2. Dinosaurs went extinct before early humans or even neanderthals. Some non-avialan dinosaurs, such as Troodon, exhibited iterative laying, where the adult might lay a pair of eggs every one or two days, and then ensured simultaneous hatching by delaying brooding until all eggs were laid. [142] However, as no further evidence of sauropods of this size has been found, and the discoverer, Cope, had made typographic errors before, it is likely to have been an extreme overestimation. [173] Many modern birds are arboreal (tree climbing), and this was also true of many Mesozoic birds, especially the enantiornithines. However, a majority of contemporary paleontologists concerned with dinosaurs reject the traditional style of classification in favor of phylogenetic taxonomy; this approach requires that, for a group to be natural, all descendants of members of the group must be included in the group as well. [14] A minority of scientists, most notably Alan Feduccia and Larry Martin, have proposed other evolutionary paths, including revised versions of Heilmann's basal archosaur proposal,[243] or that maniraptoran theropods are the ancestors of birds but themselves are not dinosaurs, only convergent with dinosaurs. [163] Congregating into herds may have evolved for defense, for migratory purposes, or to provide protection for young. Proponents consider the climatic impact of the sulfur dioxide released to have been on par with the Chicxulub impact, and also note the role of flood basalt volcanism in other mass extinctions like the Permian-Triassic extinction event. The earliest part of this time saw the spread of ankylosaurians, iguanodontians, and brachiosaurids through Europe, North America, and northern Africa. In addition, the cartilages were ossified, implying that laryngeal ossification is a feature of some non-avian dinosaurs. [314] Combined with mathematical modelling of the seismic waves that would have been generated by the impact, this has led to the suggestion that the Chicxulub impact may have triggered these eruptions by increasing the permeability of the mantle plume underlying the Deccan Traps. [235] Later research showed that relative brain size progressively increased during the evolution of theropods, with the highest intelligence comparable to that of modern birds calculated for the troodontid Troodon. These stones are swallowed by animals to aid digestion and break down food and hard fibers once they enter the stomach. Paleontologist Othniel Marsh "first found the back end of one of the long-necked sauropods and he named it Apatosaurus," Dr. Horner tells us. [231][232] In addition, many species regurgitate pellets,[233] and fossil pellets are known as early as the Jurassic from Anchiornis. [57], In 1858, William Parker Foulke discovered the first known American dinosaur, in marl pits in the small town of Haddonfield, New Jersey. Advertisement 2. Examples of this include the Morrison Formation of North America and Tendaguru Beds of Tanzania. Various researchers have supported dinosaurs as being endothermic, ectothermic ("cold-blooded"), or somewhere in between. thanks for watchinghttp://gvenews.com/the-dinosaurs-never-existed-bones-and-fossils-manmade/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeoraptor [39], Dinosaur fossils have been known for millennia, although their true nature was not recognized. The structure was composed of cricoid and arytenoid cartilages, similar to those of non-avian reptiles. Evolution and Dinosaurs Debunked; Wiki Sections (0) FrontPage (1) Earth (2) Space (3) Science (4) History (5) Society (6) Disinformation Recent Changes. For example, Huayang Guo Zhi(), a gazetteer compiled by Chang Qu() during the Western Jin Dynasty (265316), reported the discovery of dragon bones at Wucheng in Sichuan Province. [141][227], Like other reptiles, dinosaurs are primarily uricotelic, that is, their kidneys extract nitrogenous wastes from their bloodstream and excrete it as uric acid instead of urea or ammonia via the ureters into the intestine. [171], Comparisons between the scleral rings of dinosaurs and modern birds and reptiles have been used to infer daily activity patterns of dinosaurs. The Bible never says anything about dinosaurs. It was an extremely important find: Hadrosaurus was one of the first nearly complete dinosaur skeletons found (the first was in 1834, in Maidstone, England), and it was clearly a bipedal creature. The other groups mentioned are, like dinosaurs and pterosaurs, members of Sauropsida (the reptile and bird clade), except Dimetrodon (which is a synapsid). First, there were dinosaurs. His "no dinosaur skeleton has ever been found" is completely erroneous. the Earth is flat, gods exist, dinosaurs are actually dragons and Santa is The pitfalls of physiology reconstruction from apatitic fossils", 10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0503:PIOATV>2.3.CO;2, "Polar dinosaurs and the question of dinosaur extinction: a brief review", "Evidence for Avian Intrathoracic Air Sacs in a New Predatory Dinosaur from Argentina", 10.1666/0094-8373(2003)029<0243:VPASAT>2.0.CO;22, "Alltime giants: the largest animals and their problems", "Can birds be ammonotelic? [277] It remains uncertain whether the diversity of dinosaurs was in gradual decline before the K-Pg extinction event, or whether dinosaurs were actually thriving prior to the extinction. The Museo Municipal Carmen Funes in Plaza Huincul, Argentina, has an Argentinosaurus reconstructed skeleton mount that is 39.7 meters (130ft) long. . Ornithischia includes a variety of species that were primarily herbivores. [36] This posture is due to the development of a laterally facing recess in the pelvis (usually an open socket) and a corresponding inwardly facing distinct head on the femur. [188], When laying eggs, females grow a special type of bone between the hard outer bone and the marrow of their limbs. As a consequence, more sauropodomorphs were named between 1990 and 2020 than in all previous years combined. Bakker specifically used anatomical and ecological evidence to argue that sauropods, which had hitherto been depicted as sprawling aquatic animals with their tails dragging on the ground, were endotherms that lived vigorous, terrestrial lives. [81][82] Both chemical traces of melanin and characteristically-shaped melanosomes have been reported from feathers and scales of Jehol and Yanliao dinosaurs, including both theropods and ornithischians. Conspiracy Theory Week: Dinosaurs Never Existed? [124] Grinding hadrosaurids and shearing ceratopsians became very diverse across North America and Asia. Any proper look at the facts will reveal that dinosaurs simply never existed. [244][255] However, their views have for the most part not been accepted by other researchers, to the point that the scientific nature of Feduccia's proposals has been questioned. [73] Fossils of keratin-based skin coverings or bony skin coverings are known from most major groups of dinosaurs. Meanwhile, Australia was home to a fauna of basal ankylosaurians, hypsilophodonts, and iguanodontians. Agilisaurus. [141] The rapid airflow would also have been an effective cooling mechanism, which in conjunction with a lower metabolic rate[224] would have prevented large sauropods from overheating. [285][286], The bolide impact hypothesis, first brought to wide attention in 1980 by Walter Alvarez, Luis Alvarez, and colleagues, attributes the K-Pg extinction event to a bolide (extraterrestrial projectile) impact.